Cuba’s national electricity system collapsed again late on Sunday, leaving much of the island without power only hours after electricity had been restored to western provinces following a separate outage.

The state electricity utility announced a "total disconnection" of the national grid and said restoration protocols had been activated.

The blackout is the sixth nationwide grid failure recorded in 2026 and follows three national collapses in July.

It came a day after a disruption affecting five western provinces, including Havana, underscoring the fragility of a power system that has struggled to meet demand even when technically connected.

Cuba’s energy crisis has several interlocking causes.

Much of its thermal-generation fleet is more than four decades old, maintenance and replacement parts are scarce, and the country lacks sufficient fuel to run its plants reliably.

Cuba produces only about forty per cent of the fuel it requires, leaving the system dependent on imported oil.

The Cuban government says intensified United States pressure on fuel suppliers has made imports far more difficult.

Washington attributes the crisis primarily to Cuba’s economic management and deteriorating infrastructure.

What is clear is that Venezuela’s oil shipments have been disrupted and Mexico has halted a planned delivery, leaving the island with sharply reduced fuel options.

For households, the failures extend beyond lighting.

Prolonged cuts interrupt water pumping, refrigeration, food preparation, transport, mobile communications and internet access.

During the summer heat, many residents have adapted their daily routines around uncertain windows of electricity, cooking and charging devices whenever supply returns.

The blackout also arrives as Havana acknowledges that incremental reforms will not quickly repair the economy.

Manuel Marrero Cruz, Cuba’s prime minister, said the government had authorised its first foreign-investment venture to import, distribute and sell fuel.

More than one hundred private businesses have also been authorised to participate in wholesale fuel distribution.

Parliament has approved wider measures loosening restrictions on private enterprise, including the import and resale of goods and medicines, private pharmacies and elder-care facilities, and greater scope for foreign investment.

The reforms mark a notable retreat from state control in selected sectors, but they do not resolve the immediate generation shortfall.

Restoration teams are rebuilding the grid through small local networks, prioritising hospitals, water systems and other essential services before reconnecting larger areas.

The latest failure leaves Cuba confronting the same basic test: whether piecemeal economic opening and emergency repairs can keep a fuel-starved grid operating through another Caribbean summer.